tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88426172680128005232024-03-18T21:41:07.825-07:00Praktikum Kimia OrganikKelompok 3Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-90119816481374815532012-12-09T02:27:00.001-08:002012-12-09T02:27:25.996-08:00ASAM KARBOKSILAT DAN ESTER<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">PERCOBAAN VI</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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asam karboksilat dan ester</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></li>
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kelarutan dari senyawa tersebut</span></li>
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ester (esterifikasi)</span></li>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Esterifikasi
adalah salah satu jenis reaksi dimana reaksi tersebut untuk menghasilkan ester.
Ester merupakan sebuah hidrokarbon yang diturunkan dari asam karboksilat.
Sebuah asam karboksilat mengandung gugus -COOH, dan pada sebuah ester hidrogen
di gugus ini digantikan oleh sebuah gugus hidrokarbon dari beberapa jenis.
Ester dapat dihasilkan dengan cara mereaksikan antara sebuah alcohol dengan
asam karboksilat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Suatu asam karboksilat adalah suatu senyawa organik
yang mengandung gugus karboksil, –COOH. Gugus karboksil mengandung gugus
karbonil dan sebuah gugus hidroksil; antar aksi dari kedua gugus ini
mengakibatkan suatu kereaktifan kimia yang unik dan untuk asam karboksilat
(Fessenden, 1997). Adapun sifat-sifat yang dimiliki oleh asam karboksilat
adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Reaksi Pembentukan
Garam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Garam organik yang
membentuk dan memiliki sifat fisik dari garam anorganik padatannya, NaCl dan
KNO3adalah garam organik yang meleleh pada temperatur tinggi, larut dalam
air dan tidak berbau. Reaksi yang terjadi adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">HCOOH + Na+ →
HCOONa + H2O</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2. Reaksi Esterifikasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ester asam karboksilat
ialah senyawa yang mengandung gugus –COOR dengan R dapat berbentuk alkil. Ester
dapat dibentuk berkat reaksi langsung antara asam karboksilat dengan alkohol.
Secara umum reaksinya adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">RCOOH + R’OH → RCOOR +
H2O</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3. Reaksi Oksidasi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Reaksi terjadi pada
pembakaran atau oleh reagen yang sangat kokoh dan kuat seperti asam sulfat,
CrO3, panas.Gugus asam karboksilat teroksidasi sangat lambat.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4. Pembentukan Asam
Karboksilat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Beberapa cara
pembentukan asam karboksilat dengan jalan sintesa dapat dikelompokkan dalam 3
cara yaitu: reaksi hidrolisis turunan asam karboksilat, reaksi oksidasi, reaksi
Grignat (Fessenden, 1997).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asam karboksilat,
dengan basa akan membentuk garam dan dengan alkohol menghasilkan eter. Banyak
dijumpai dalam lemak dan minyak, sehingga sering juga disebut asam lemak.
Pembuatannya antara lain melalui oksidasi alkohol primer, sekunder atau
aldehida, oksidasi alkena, oksidasi alkuna hidrolisa alkil sianida (suatu
nitril) dengan HCl encer, hidrolisa ester dengan asam, hidroilisa asil halida,
dan reagen organolitium (Wilbraham, 1992).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asam asetat (CH3COOH)
sejauh ini merupakan asam karboksilat yang paling penting diperdagangan,
industri dan laboratorium. Bentuk murninya disebut asam asetat glasial karena senyawa
ini menjadi padat seperti es bila didinginkan. Asam asetat glasial tidak
berwarna, cairan mudah terbakar (titik leleh 7ºC, titik didih 80ºC), dengan bau
pedas menggigit. Dapat bercampur dengan air dan banyak pelarut organik
(Fessenden, 1997).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">III. Alat dan Bahan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<div class="WordSection2">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 3.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">A. Alat<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>:
<span style="mso-tab-count: 4;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 84.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tabung
reaksi </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 84.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Stirrer
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 84.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Penangas air
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 84.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Beaker
glass </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 84.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pipet tetes </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 84.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengaduk </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 84.2pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Termometer</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">B. Bahan<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asam
salisilat </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Etanol</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Aquades
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asam asetat</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">NaOH
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">HCl 3M
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Butanol</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">IV. Cara Kerja</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a. Asam Karboksilat</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251659264;"><span style="height: 503px; left: 0px; left: 33px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 628px;">
</span></span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="0" width="0"><br /></td>
<td width="6"><br /></td>
<td width="255"><br /></td>
<td width="16"><br /></td>
<td width="29"><br /></td>
<td width="16"><br /></td>
<td width="298"><br /></td>
<td width="1"><br /></td>
<td width="5"><br /></td>
<td width="2"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="67"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="7" valign="top"><img alt="Reserved: Dimasukkan 0,5 g asam salisilat dalam tabung reaksi dan dirtambahkan 5 mL air, dikocok perlahan" height="67" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image001.png" width="621" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="12"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="40"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><img height="40" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.png" width="45" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="16"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="66"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="6" valign="top"><img alt="Reserved: Dipanaskan campuran diatas hingga mulai mendidih (secara hati – hati)" height="66" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image003.png" width="620" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="16"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="157"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top"><img height="157" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image004.png" width="622" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="17"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="39"><br /></td>
<td colspan="3"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><img height="39" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image005.png" width="45" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="7"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="66"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="7" valign="top"><img alt="Reserved: Ditambahkan 3M HCl sebanyak yang digunakan pada penambahan 3M NaOH. Kemudian ditambahkan lagi beberapa tetes HCl berlebih" height="66" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image006.png" width="620" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span></b>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.
Esterifikasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251675648;"><span style="height: 493px; left: 0px; left: 22px; position: absolute; top: -1px; width: 625px;">
</span></span></div>
<table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td height="0" width="0"><br /></td>
<td width="7"><br /></td>
<td width="10"><br /></td>
<td width="271"><br /></td>
<td width="1"><br /></td>
<td width="6"><br /></td>
<td width="38"><br /></td>
<td width="6"><br /></td>
<td width="268"><br /></td>
<td width="7"><br /></td>
<td width="10"><br /></td>
<td width="1"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="78"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top"><img alt="Reserved: Dimasukkan 3 mL etanol dan dilarutkan kedalamnya 1 mL asam asetat dalam tabung reaksi" height="78" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image007.png" width="608" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="20"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="40"><br /></td>
<td colspan="3"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top"><img height="40" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image008.png" width="45" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="5"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="78"><br /></td>
<td colspan="2"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top"><img alt="Reserved: Ditambahkan 15 tetes H2SO4 (tetes demi tetes) dan diaduk" height="78" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image009.png" width="607" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="9"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="40"><br /></td>
<td colspan="4"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><img height="40" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image010.png" width="44" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="6"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="78"><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top"><img alt="Reserved: Dipanaskan tabung dalam beaker gelas yang berisi air panas ( 60-70 0 C) hingga 10 menit" height="78" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image011.png" width="607" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="8"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="40"><br /></td>
<td colspan="5"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top"><img height="40" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image012.png" width="44" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="14"><br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="77"><br /></td>
<td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top"><img alt="Reserved: Dituangkan isinya kedalam 20mL air panas dalam beaker kecil" height="77" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image013.png" width="607" /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> </span></b>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">V. Hasil
Pengamatan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">a. Asam
Karboksilat</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4.65pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 636px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">NO</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 292.8pt;" width="390">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">REAKSI</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" width="203">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">HASIL REAKSI</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="43">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 292.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="390">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">0,5
g asam salisilat + 5 mL air dingin</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="203">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">tidak
larut</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="43">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 292.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="390">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">0,5
g asam salisilat + 5 mL air (dipanaskan)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="203">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">tidak
larut</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="43">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 292.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="390">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">0,5
g asam salisilat + 5 mL air (didinginkan)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="203">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">terbentuk
kristal</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="43">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">4</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 292.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="390">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">0,5
g asam salisilat + 5 mL air + NaOH 3M 56 tetes</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="203">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">kristal
larut</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="43">
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: right;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">5</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 292.8pt;" valign="bottom" width="390">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">0,5
g asam salisilat + 5 mL air + NaOH 3M 56 tetes + HCl 60 tetes</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="203">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">terbentuk
kristal seperti semula</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">b.
Esterifikasi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4.65pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 684px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">NO</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 328.9pt;" width="439">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">REAKSI</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" width="203">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">HASIL REAKSI</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 328.9pt;" width="439">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3
ml etanol + 1 ml asam asetat + 15 tetes H2SO4 (dipanaskan)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" width="203">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">tak
berwarna, bau khas pisang</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 32.0pt;" width="43">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 328.9pt;" width="439">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">3
ml butanol + 1 ml asam asetat + 15 tetes H2SO4 (dipanaskan)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="nowrap" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.75pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 152.0pt;" width="203">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">tak
berwarna, bau balon tiup</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">VI.
Pembahasan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada
percobaan asam salisilat dimasukkan 0,5 g asam salisilat dan ditambahkan 5 mL
air pada tabung reaksi. Ternyata tidak terjadi perubahan apapun. Asam
karboksilat yang berbentuk padatan tidak dapat melarut dalam air. Hal ini
karena asam salisisat merupakan asam karboksilat suku tinggi yaitu memiliki (
C>5). Begitupula saat keduanya dipanaskan hingga mendidih, padatan asam
silisilat tidak dapat larut dalam air panas. Bahkan saat didinginkan kembali
keduanya tidak dapat larut homogen, terdapat kristal asam karboksilat yang
mengendap dibawah tabung reaksi. Persamaan reaksinya adalah:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>7</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+
H<sub>2</sub>O ---------> tidak larut</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>7</sub>O<sub>3</sub>+
H<sub>2</sub>O (dipanaskan) ---------> tidak larut</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Barulah kristal asam salisilat + air diatas dapat
larut ketika ditambahkan NaOH tetes demi tetes. Larutan tersebut bercampur homogen
keseluruhan setelah penambahan 56 tetes NaOH 3M. asam salisilat dapat larut
dengan NaOH, karena NaOH merupakan basa kuat yang akan membentuk garam yang
akan larut. Reaksi ini biasanya disebut dengan reaksi saponifikasi, dengan
persamaan reaksi:</span></div>
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<td><img alt="Description: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiCnqTfhKuV-e8TXYtrORGVwkM_W1HL6Z2pJGDZ8Xy07l0ZTM4QydEbutdcVvkyXx5kjNza3ApjZC-MQNTLKirzICNzF8npwjJpJ3LjOOfzSIiBwIKH19tTvtiX4T2QX1TKUL2fpuBe29W/s1600/saponofikasi.jpg" height="108" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image015.jpg" width="247" /></td>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kemudian setelah ditambahkan dengan HCl 3M sebanyak 60
tetes, asam salisilat yang larut dengan NaOH tersebut kembali membentuk kristal
seperti semula. Pada penambahan HCl ini terjadi proses pengasaman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Karena hasil mula-mula dari reaksi
saponifikasi berupa karboksilat, dengan adanya penambahan HCl ini karboksilat diubah
menjadi asam karboksilat kembali, dengan persamaan reaksi:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Description: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijzoVvvPhCos4xKNXFCJijmFtfRyRT4STy0HlsqLnqXb6rI-s80djSXdAQN39niT41hhS4LLKtuS34jRPFx3elvUwp8o0En53Ul5Pzf3F5KpjZk9XQ5r-UbNbvy8Psc-hpVyJMZwXeg2V9/s1600/reaksi+karboksilat.jpg" height="120" src="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CToshiba%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image016.jpg" width="501" /></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sedangkan pada percobaan esterifikasi,
prosedur kerja dimulai dari memasukkan 3 mL etanol/butanol kedalam tabung
reaksi yang kemudian ditambahkan 1 mL asam asetat. Kemudian ditambahkan H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
15 tetes setelah itu dipanaskan. Setelah itu dituang ke dalam beaker kecil dan tercium
aroma pisang pada etanol + asam asetat + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, sedangkan
pada butanol + asm asetat + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>tercium aroma balon
tiup. Pada etanol + asam asetat + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> tercium aroma
pisang karena reaksi ini merupakan reaksi esterifikasi fischer yang merupakan
sintesis etil asetat yang beraroma pisang, dengan persamaan reaksi :</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH
+ CH<sub>3</sub>COOH
→ CH<sub>3</sub>COOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
+ H<sub>2</sub>O</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Hasil esterifikasi ini memiliki sifat
kimia dan fisika sebgai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Berbau khas seperti buah pisang (tidak
beracun)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Tidak berwarna</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Mudah menguap</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
BM : 88,12 g/mol</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Densitas : 0,89 g/cm<sup>3</sup></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">·
Titik didih : 77,1<sup>0</sup>C</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sedangkan
fungsi H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> pada kedua reaksi tersebut adalah menjadi
katalis ( mempercepat terjadinya reaksi).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">VII.
Kesimpulan</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Asam
salisilat merupakan jenis asam kartboksilat yang tidak dapat larut dalam air.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ester
dibuat dengan cara mereaksikan asam karboksilat dan alkohol dengan bantuan
katalis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ester
memiliki bau yang khas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 3.8pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pertanyaan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1. Tuliskan persamaan reaksi dari
percobaan diatas!</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Reaksi
asam karboksilat :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>7</sub>O<sub>3 </sub> +
NaOH → C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>5</sub>NaO<sub>3 </sub>+ H<sub>2</sub>O</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">NaOH sisa
+ HCl <sub> </sub>→ NaCl + H<sub>2</sub>O + HCl sisa</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Reaksi
esterifikasi :</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membuat
asetil asetat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH
+ CH<sub>3</sub>COOH
→ CH<sub>3</sub>COOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
+ H<sub>2</sub>O</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Membuat
butil asetat</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>OH
+ CH<sub>3</sub>COOH
→ CH<sub>3</sub>COOC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>
+ H<sub>2</sub>O</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">2.
Mengapa HCl pekat dan NaOH pekat tidak dapat berperan sebagai katalis dalam
reaksi esterifikasi!</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 17.6pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #444444; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Karena
HCl dan NaOH tidak dapat mendonorkan 2 proton pada saat mekanisme esterifikasi
yaitu proses protonasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 17.6pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-21453897310243109172012-12-07T18:05:00.003-08:002012-12-07T18:05:32.971-08:00Uji Kelarutan Senyawa Organik<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Percobaan 2</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Uji Kelarutan Senyawa Organik</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>I. Tujuan</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Mampu mengidentifikasi senyawa organik dengan cara uji kelarutan</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>II. Dasar Teori</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Senyawa organik adalah golongan besar senyawa kimia yang
molekulnya mengandung karbon,kecuali karbida, karbonat, dan oksida karbon.
Studi mengenai senyawaan organik disebut kimia organik. Dari dolongan besar itu
senyawa organik dapat diklasifikasikan dalam keluarga (families) dan
kelas (class) yang berbeda. Senyawa organik dibagi kedalam Sembilan kelas yang
berbeda, digolongkan menurut sifat masing-masing dalam senyawa tersebut. Secara
kuantitatif untuk menyatakan komposisi atau kelas dari larutan digunakan uji
kelarutan terhadap senyawa tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Suatu larutan dinyatakan merupakan ”larutan tidak jenuh”
jika solute dapat ditambahkan untuk memperoleh berbagai larutan yang berbeda
dalam konsentrasinya. Dalam banyak hal, ternyata proses penambahan solute tidak
dapat berlangsung secara tidak terbatas. Suatu keadaan akan dicapai dimana
penambahan solute pada sejumlah solvent yang tertentu tidak akan menghasilkan
larutan lain yang memiliki konsentrasi lebih tinggi. Kelarutan yang besar
terjadi bila molekul-molekul solute mempunyai kesamaan dalam struktur dan
sifat-sifat kelistrikan dari molekul-molekul solvent. Bila ada kesamaan dari
sifat-sifat kelistrikan, misalnya momen dipol yang tinggi, antara
solvent-solvent, maka gaya-gaya tarik yang terjadi antara solute solvent adalah
kuat. Sebaliknya, bila tidak ada kesamaan, maka gaya-gaya terik solute solvent
lemah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Secara umum, padatan ionik mempunyai kelarutan yang lebih
tinggi dalam solvent polar daripada dalam pelarut non-polar. Juga, jika solvent
lebih polar, maka kelarutan dari padatan-padatan ionik akan lebih besar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pengendapan merupakan metode yang sangat berharga untuk
memisahkan suatu sample menjadi komponen-komponennya. Proses yang dilibatkan
adalah proses dalam zat yang akan dipisahkan itu digunakan untuk membentuk
suatu fase baru endapan padat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Pengujian mengenai kelarutan ini banyak digunakan untuk
produk-produk instan seperti jahe instan, kopi instan, serta dapat pula
digunakan untuk tablet. Makin tinggi angka yang diperoleh menunjukkan kelarutan
yang meningkat pula.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Dengan tes kelarutan, dapat
ditentukan apakah suatau senyawa adalah basa kuat (amina), asam lemah (fenol),
asam kuat (asam karboksilat), atau suatu zat netral (aldehid, keton, alkohol,
ester, dan eter). Pelarut yang digunakan dalam tes kelarutan adalah HCl 5%,
NaOH 5%, NaHCO<sub>3 </sub>5%, H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> pekat, air, dan
pelarut-pelarut organik. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b>III. Alat dan Bahan</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><i>Alat</i> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<ul style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Tabung
reaksi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Rak
tabung</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Pipet
tetes</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Spatula</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">
<i>Bahan</i></div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<ul style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">NaOH
5%</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">HCl
5%</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">NaHCO</span><sub style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">3</sub><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">
5%</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">H</span><sub style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">2</sub><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">SO</span><sub style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">4
</sub><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">pekat</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Zat unknown</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">
<b>IV. Prosedur Kerja</b></div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<ul style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Dimasukkan
kira-kira 1 ml akuades kedalam tabung reaksi.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Ditambahkan
kira-kira 1-2 tetes cairan atau sedikit kristal zat unknown.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Diketuk
tabung reaksi dengan hati-hati sampai dapat dipastikan bahwa xat unknown larut
atau tidak larut dalam air. Diamati apa yang terjadi dan dicatat.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Jika
zat larut, dilanjutkan pekerjaan dengan menggunakan kertas lakmus sesuai dengan
diagram. Dicatat pengamatannya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Jika
zat tidak larut dalam air, pekerjaan dilanjutkan dengan penambahan NaOH 5%
sesuai dengan diagram. Dicatat pengamatan.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">
<b>V. Hasil Pengamatan</b></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px;">
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Uji Kelarutan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Hasil<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">H<sub>2</sub>O<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Larut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Memerahkan Lakmus Biru<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Merah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Jenis larutan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" valign="top">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Asam Karboksilat dengan BM rendah<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px; text-align: left;">
<b>VI. Pembahasan</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Percobaan
kali ini mengenai uji kelarutan senyawa organik. <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Pada percobaan ini harus menentukan apakah zat unknown yang
diberikan termasuk senyawa netral (alkena, alkuna, alcohol, keton, amida,
aldehida, ester, eter atau senyawa nitro) atau senyawa inert (alkana, alkil
halide, atau senyawa aromatik).</span> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Hal pertama yang harus dilakukan adalah
mengidentifikasi larutan unknown dengan cara mencampurkannya dengan H2O dan
diamati apakah larutan unnown tersebut larut atau tidak larut. Setelah ditambah
1ml H2O ternyata larutan unknown tersebut larut. Selanjutnya larutan unknow
diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan kertas lakmus. Jika larutan tersebut
membirukan lakmus merah maka senyawa organik tersebut merupakan basa atau amina
dengan BM rendah. Jika memerahkan lamus biru maka senyawa organik tersebut
adalah asam karboksilat dengan BM rendah. Dan jika tidak merubah warna kertas
lakmus (merah ataupun biru) makan senyawa organik tersebut adalah senyawa
netral dengan BM rendah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Ketika dimasukkan kertas lakmus biru kedalam
larutan unknown, ternyata kertas lakmus berubah menjadi warna merah, sehingga
bisa dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa organik yang terdapat dalam larutan uknown
tersebut adalah asam karboksilat dengan BM rendah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>VII. Kesimpulan</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Larutan unknown tersebut adalah senyawa organik
asam karboksilat dengan BM rendah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>VIII. Daftar Pustaka</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Chang, Raymond. 2005. <i>Kimia Dasar
Konsep-Konsep Inti</i>. Edisi ketiga. Jilid 1. Jakarta : </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Erlangga</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Hadiat, dkk. 2004. <i>Kamus Sains</i>.
Jakarta : Balai Pustaka</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nurbayti, Siti. 2006. <i>Penuntun Praktikum Kimia
Organik I</i>. Jakarta : Fakultas Sains dan</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Teknologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah</span><span style="font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>IX. Pertanyaan</b></span></div>
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<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Kenapa senyawa tersebut larut dalam air? </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"><b>Karena senyawa tersebut memiliki
tingkat kepolaran yang sama dengan air, sehingga senyawa tersebut dapat larut
dalam air.</b></span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Berdasarkan uji kelarutan diatas,
apakah senyawa sampel anda? </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"><b>Senyawa sampel kami adalah asam
karboksilat dengan BM rendah.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Apakah yang dimaksud dengan senyawa
inert? <b>Berikan beberapa contoh! <o:p></o:p></b></span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Senyawa inert adalah senyawa yang
sukar bereaksi contohnya Pt, Au, dan Nitrogen (N</span><sub style="line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">2</sub><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">).</span></b></div>
</span><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
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<br /><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;"> </span></div>
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Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-84739705355230704542012-11-18T04:39:00.000-08:002012-11-18T04:42:23.716-08:00Uji Analisis Alkohol Secara Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Uji Analisis Alkohol Secara Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<b> Uji Analisis Alkohol Secara Kualitatif</b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><i> </i></span><i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 18pt;">Tes K</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 18pt;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 18pt;">Cr</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 18pt;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 18pt;">O</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 18pt;">7</sub></i></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Dimasukkan kedalam dua tabung
reaksi yang berbeda 2 ml K</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Cr</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">O</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">7</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"> 2% dan
tambahkan 5 tetes H</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">SO</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">4</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"> pekat.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Tabung reaksi digoyangkan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Kemudian ditambahkan pada tabung
reaksi 1ml etanol.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Reaksi positif ditandai dengan
terjadinya perubahan warna dari jingga kehijau.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><i>Tes FeCl<sub>3 </sub></i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Dimasukkan kedalam tabung reaksi
20 tetes etanol.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Ditambahkan 5 tetes FeCl3 kedalam
tabung reaksi.</span></li>
</ul>
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</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Reaksi positif ditandai dengan
terjadinya perubahan dari warna kuning terang menjadi hijau hingga ungu.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"><i>Tes Uji Nyala</i></span></div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Diambil 5 tetes etanol dengan
pipet tetes.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Lima tetes etanol dimasukkan
kedalam beaker glass kecil.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Etanol dibakardengan tisu. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Amati warna nyala api.</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b>Hasil </b></span></span></div>
<div>
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 18pt;"><br /></span></i></div>
<div>
<i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 18pt;">Tes K</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 19px; text-indent: 18pt;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 18pt;">Cr</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 19px; text-indent: 18pt;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 18pt;">O</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 19px; text-indent: 18pt;">7</sub></i></div>
<div>
<i><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 19px; text-indent: 18pt;"> </sub></i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Identifikasi alkohol menggunakan K</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Cr</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">O</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">7</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">
menandai positif dengan perubahan warna yang terjadi yaitu warna jingga larutan
menjadi hijau.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Tes FeCl<sub>3</sub></i></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Identifikasi alkohol menggunakan <i> </i>tidak terjadi apa-apa dikarenakan alkohol yang diuji adalah senyawa siklik sedangkan pengujian alkohol dengan metode ini hanya berlaku untuk senyawa alifatik.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"><br /></span></div>
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<i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Tes Uji Nyala</i></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pada uji nyala didapat nyala api berwarna
biru menandakan adanya kadar alkohol.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
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<b>Uji Analisis Alkohol Secara Kuantitatif</b></div>
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Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-67895315138529330342012-09-23T16:22:00.004-07:002012-09-23T16:22:46.360-07:00Destilasi Etanol-Air<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Destilasi Etanol-Air</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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<div style="background: white; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-bottom: 20.4pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Secara sederhana distilasi adalah proses pemisahan bahan cairan
berdasarkan perbedaan titik didihnya. Distilasi etanol berarti memisahkan
etanol dengan air.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Air mendidih pada suhu 100oC. Pada suhu ini air yg berada pada
bentuk/fase cair akan berubah menjadi uap/fase gas. Meskipun kita panaskan
terus suhu tidak akan naik (asal tekanan sama). Air akan terus berubah jadi uap
dan lama kelamaan habis. Etanol mendidih pada suhu 79oC. Seperti halnya air,
etanol berubah dari cair menjadi uap. Ada perbrdaan suhu cukup besar dan ini
dijadikan dasar untuk memisahkan etanol dari air.<br />
<br />
<span id="more-2436" style="font-style: inherit; outline: 0px;"></span>Jadi
prinsip kerja distilasi etanol kurang lebih seperti ini. Pertama cairan
fermentasi dipanaskan sampai suhu titik didih etanol. Kurang lebih 79oC, tapi
biasanya pada suhu 80-81oC. Etanol akan menguap dan uap etanol
ditampung/disalurkan melalui tabung. Di tabung ini suhu uap etanol diturunkan
sampai di bawah titik didihnya. Etanol akan berubah lagi dari fase gas ke fase
cair. Selanjutnya etanol yang sudah mencair ditampung di bak-bak penampungan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 20.4pt; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kalau kita perhatikan, termometer
akan bergerak ke suhu kesetimbangan air-etanol, sekitar 80oC. Jarum termometer
akan tetap pada suhu ini sampai kadar etanolnya berkurang. Jarum termometer
akan bergerak naik, ini menunjukkan kalau kadar etanolnya mulai berkurang.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 20.4pt; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dalam proses ini pengaturan suhu
adalah bagian paling penting. Kalau kita bisa mempertahankan suhu pada titik
didih etanol, kadar etanol yang diperoleh akan semakin tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 20.4pt; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Meskipun kita sudah
mempertahankan suhu sebaik mungkin. Uap air akan delalu terbawa, ada sedikit
air yang ikut menguap. Ini yang menyebabkan distilasi tidak bisa menghilangkan
semua air. Kadar maksimal yang bisa diperoleh sekitar 95%. Ini dikerjakan oleh
tenaga yang sudah trampil. Kalau operatornya belum berpengalaman bisa lebih
rendah dari itu. Sisa air yang 5% bisa dihilangkan dengan proses dehidrasi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 20.4pt; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #333333; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Meskipun tampaknya prinsip
distilasi etanol tampak sederhana, pada prakteknya tidaklah mudah. Apalagi
dalam skala yang besar. Mendesain distilator merupakan tantangan tersendiri.
Saat ini banyak desain distilator di pasaran. Distilator yang baik adalah
distilator yang bisa menghasilkan etanol dengan tingkat kemurnian tinggi. Selain
itu lebih efisien dalam penggunaan energi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"> Source : </span><a href="http://isroi.com/2009/09/07/distilasi-etanol/">http://isroi.com/2009/09/07/distilasi-etanol/</a></div>
Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-40846851503420296722012-09-23T09:01:00.005-07:002012-09-23T09:19:02.348-07:00Proses Pemisahan Campuran Alkohol dan Air<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Proses Pemisahan Campuran Alkohol dan Air</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Tujuan</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dapat memisahkan campuran alkohol dengan
air menggunakan alat destilasi sederhana melalui titik didih larutan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Landasan Teori</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Campuran adalah zat yang terdiri dari dua jenis
atau lebih. Dapat berupa larutan, koloid atau suspensi. Salah satu cara pemisahan
campuran adalah memisahkan campuran pada
zat cair. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Campuran pada zat cair dapat dipisahkan dengan 3
metode pemisahan, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> . </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Distilasi
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Distilasi
adalah proses penguapan zat cair yang diikuti pengembunan. Distilasi digunakan
jika titik didih suatu zat berbeda dengan zat lain dalam larutan tersebut.
Contoh pengolahan air tawar dari air laut.</span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> . </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Distilasi
Bertingkat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Distilasi
Bertingkat adalah proses penguapan yang diikuti pengembunan secara
berulang-ulang yang terjadi pada kolom frksionasi. Distilasi bertingkat
digunakan untuk memisahkan campuran dua jenis atau lebih cairan yang sama-sama
menguap dan sulit dipisahkan. Contohnya ialah pemisahan campuran air dan
alkohol.</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Corong
Pisah<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Corong
Pisah digunakan untuk memisahkan campuran dua jenis cairan yang tidak saling
melarutkan. Contoh pemisahan air dengan minyak.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Alat dan Bahan</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><i>Alat</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Alat destilasi sederhana</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Blender</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Saringan</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Alumunium foil</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Pemanas atau heater</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Beaker glass 100 ml</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><i>Bahan</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Tape ketan seberat 1,5 liter yang telah disimpan kurang lebih 3-4 hari.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>Cara Kerja </b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Tape ketan yang telah jadi disiapkan beserta alat-alat yang akan digunakan.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Tape ketan diblender.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Tape ketan yang telah diblender kemudian disaring hingga mengeluarkan campuran air beserta alkohol yang terkandung dalam tape ketan tersebut.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Air tape ketan dimasukkan kedalam kaleng bekas yang merupakan salah bagian dari alat destilasi sederhana yang dibuat.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Heater dinyalakan lalu tunggu beberapa saat hingga air dan alkohol terpisah saat proses destilasi berjalan.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Alkohol yang didapat dimasukkan kedalam sebuah beaker glass lalu ditutup dengan alumunium foil.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>Hasil Pengamatan</b></span></span></div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada percobaan pemisahan campuran
alkohol pada air tape ini, dihasilkan air tape 190 ml dari 1,5 liter tape
ketan. Kemudian dari hasil distilasi 190 ml air tape, dihasilkan 10 ml alkohol
yang akan diuji kadar nya pada suhu 150 derajat celcius denngan waktu 20 menit.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Pembahasan </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada proses suhu yang di gunakan
harus tepat dengan waktu yang di pakai karena jika pada suhu besar dan dengan
waktu yang lama di khawatirkan air pada campurantersebut ikut menguap. Disini
menggunakan suhu awal 150 derajat celcius tidak apa karena alkohol pada suatu
campuran akan menguap terlebih dahulu sebelum air dengan waktu tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Lampiran Foto</b></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAvGhVEmL7_yLfFrBLhlu2tGpnMPI6uceYcYyjzaZmsfDNs5sRmFFIbPwguIAx3rlu9AMVpNkoCCxrgmEifISxUqLFBfYjwA4MqkNJIrP_ODiFppYl-IJcmgYaKoFaWFWTYPclTmfXU8PY/s1600/P9170018.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAvGhVEmL7_yLfFrBLhlu2tGpnMPI6uceYcYyjzaZmsfDNs5sRmFFIbPwguIAx3rlu9AMVpNkoCCxrgmEifISxUqLFBfYjwA4MqkNJIrP_ODiFppYl-IJcmgYaKoFaWFWTYPclTmfXU8PY/s320/P9170018.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hasil alkohol yang didapat setelah proses destilasi </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
</div>
<br />Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-21247701558112083812012-09-23T08:49:00.001-07:002012-09-23T09:17:06.929-07:00Proses Pembuatan Air Tape dari Tape Ketan<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Proses Pembuatan Air Tape dari Tape Ketan</b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Tujuan</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dapat menghasilkan campuran air dengan alkohol untuk
pengujiaan alkohol pada tahap pemisahan menggunakan alat destilasi sederhana.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Alat dan Bahan</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><i>Alat</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pengukus nasi</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Panci</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Baskom</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Tampah</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Sendok kayu</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Kipas</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plastik </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><i>Bahan</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Campuran beras ketan hitam dan putih seberat 1,5 liter</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ragi tape</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Cara Kerja </b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Peralatan yang akan digunakan harus dicuci bersih terlebih dahulu.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Beras ketan dicuci hingga bersih.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Beras ketan yang telah dicuci kemudian direndam kurang lebih satu hari.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Beras ketan yang telah direndam lalu kembali dicuci lalu dikukus hingga matang.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Beras ketan yang telah matang kemudian ditaruh di atas tampah yang telah dialasi dengan plastik.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Beras ketan didinginkan dengan menggunakan bantuan kipas.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Kemudian ragi dicampurkan pada beras ketan dengan merata.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Beras ketan yang telah ditaburi ragi tersebut lalu dibungkus dengan plastik serapat mungkin agar udara tidak masuk kedalam.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Beras ketan disimpan dalam kurun waktu 3-4 hari.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>Pembahasan </b></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Ragi yang digunakan harus tepat agar menghasilkan
produk yang baik, karena ragi merupakan salah satu yg menentukan keberhasilan
produk ketan tersebut. Perbandingan beras ketan hitam dan putih adalah 1 : 4.
Semakin lama proses penyimpanan tape semakin banyak menghasilkan kadar alkohol.</span></div>
<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Lampiran Foto</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b><br /></b></span>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV8RFT3Rydz1CMhv7IKtanOZgTexaPdT58GPdd85xMvxU60ppE5EN0aIfWEhqwGMF9gZKVVpCPu8wGE9aBAYoUhxwLMcrUU-fv9vOqWrhqDf75eBVcoLpdVU44_dP0msz4mmOS8xHU4hyphenhyphen_/s1600/P9120004.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV8RFT3Rydz1CMhv7IKtanOZgTexaPdT58GPdd85xMvxU60ppE5EN0aIfWEhqwGMF9gZKVVpCPu8wGE9aBAYoUhxwLMcrUU-fv9vOqWrhqDf75eBVcoLpdVU44_dP0msz4mmOS8xHU4hyphenhyphen_/s320/P9120004.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tape ketan ditaruh di atas tampah untuk didinginkan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaATKvWD_ACVnbEVsKw9ODzLne0HiJY3epdJhkftIs-jk5XbpC_bZusdUiDxGnyBsv2KwGCf1QGI7ZysEbwYt9pGW8SN4QQ_NQjlfZFjUzAm1kCPnBFMiunZqeK5w6cFnQzrR0JnCU7DR7/s1600/P9120009.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaATKvWD_ACVnbEVsKw9ODzLne0HiJY3epdJhkftIs-jk5XbpC_bZusdUiDxGnyBsv2KwGCf1QGI7ZysEbwYt9pGW8SN4QQ_NQjlfZFjUzAm1kCPnBFMiunZqeK5w6cFnQzrR0JnCU7DR7/s320/P9120009.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tape ketan tengah ditaburi ragi</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnMZ6k8NrBm7S1CG_z1qE5_WjozCW4kMe_6yAP5IBX4vraIsDlhRL3weJPBZsTt78TxJbHBHXbsqO-nqK5TMlIyoe0SY93MFs-GwUOkE4V3clw58IzSacSaMYjTph8laA1Pf-b1SXGNfKr/s1600/P9120011.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnMZ6k8NrBm7S1CG_z1qE5_WjozCW4kMe_6yAP5IBX4vraIsDlhRL3weJPBZsTt78TxJbHBHXbsqO-nqK5TMlIyoe0SY93MFs-GwUOkE4V3clw58IzSacSaMYjTph8laA1Pf-b1SXGNfKr/s320/P9120011.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tape ketan yang ditaburi ragi siap untuk ditutup oleh plastik</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5rs72bzcG3_LQFM5Z7-8_cT1J84px30UYqTBb8Y7TCWtuLIKNSZLCJEu0g9Fx18edRCoHbsz8FzBo8MoJ7raBOG8dM4YP3i0edXTKRGsoG2tRZVZmRU1wxhtpNj2r7qLwG8bcmpQnpPSB/s1600/P9120013.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5rs72bzcG3_LQFM5Z7-8_cT1J84px30UYqTBb8Y7TCWtuLIKNSZLCJEu0g9Fx18edRCoHbsz8FzBo8MoJ7raBOG8dM4YP3i0edXTKRGsoG2tRZVZmRU1wxhtpNj2r7qLwG8bcmpQnpPSB/s320/P9120013.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tape ketan dibungkus dengan plastik serapat mungkin agar udara tidak dapat masuk<br /><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-31447965230550215792012-09-23T08:36:00.003-07:002012-09-23T08:39:10.254-07:00Pembuatan Alat Destilasi Sederhana<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Pembuatan Alat Destilasi Sederhana</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Tujuan</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Dapat menciptakan alat destilasi sederhana</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Landasan Teori </b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Destilasi merupakan salah satu topik
mata pelajaran kimia yang telah di pelajari dari sekolah menengah atas.
Destilasi adalah seni memisahkan dan pemurnian dengan menggunakan perbedaan
titik didih. Di zaman dulu, destilasi digunakan untuk mendapatkan ekstrak
tumbuhan yang diperkirakan dapat sebagai sumber kehidupan. Teknik destilasi
kemudian ditingkatkan ketika kondensor (pendingin) diperkenalkan. Dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari, prinsip destilasi dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan minyak kayu
putih, penyulingan air besih, dan pemisahan bio etanol dari campurannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Alat dan Bahan</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><i>Alat</i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Gergaji besi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Lem besi</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Bor kecil</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Cutter</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pemanas</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Pompa akuarium</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><i>Bahan</i></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Pipa bekas berdiameter 2,5 inchi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Selang berdiameter 1,4 inchi</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Selang akuarium</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Sandal jepit bekas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Tongkat pel bekas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Dua buah kaleng bekas</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Ember</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Lakban.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>Cara Kerja</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Pipa ukuran 2,5 inchi dipotong sepanjang 30 cm dengan gergaji pemotong.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Pipa tersebut kemudian dibolongkan dengan bor kecil pada bagian kiri atas dan kanan bawah sesuai dengan ukuran selang akuarium.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Dua buah sandal bekas dipotong membentuk lingkaran sesuai dengan ukuran diameter pipa yaitu 2,5 inchi.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Pada bagian tengah sandal yang telah dipotong kemudian dilubangi sesuai dengan ukuran diameter selang yang berukuran 1,4 inchi.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Sandal jepit yang telah dipotong dan dilubangi tersebut kemudian dimasukkan kedalam pipa agar menutupi kedua sisi pipa yang terbuka.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Tongkat pel bekas dipotong dengan menggunakan gergaji besi sepanjang 35 cm.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Tongkat tersebut kemudian dimasukkan kedalam pipa yang telah ditutupi oleh sandal jepit bekas melalui lubang yang telah dibuat di tengah-tengah sandalnya.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Selang dipotong menjadi dua bagian dengan masing-masing sepanjang 20cm.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Dua tutup kaleng bekas dilubangi sesuai dengan ukuran diameter selang. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Salah satu ujung kedua selang dihubungkan dengan ujung tongkat pel bekas, sedangkan ujungnya yang lain dimasukkan kedalam dua tutup kaleng bekas yang telah dilubangi. Jangan lupa direkatkan dengan lem besi agar tidak terlepas.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">Selang akuarium dihubungkan dengan lubang yang telah dibuat pada pipa bekas. Salah satu selang dihubungkan dengan pompa akuarium dan selang yang lain dimasukkan kedalam ember yang berisi air dengan guna untuk proses pendinginan pada saat proses destilasi berlangsung.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihrFsMwjZ7S4U4IHTnmV1jaZL2N2-iwW-NXoihSlEVAFhx0EgpfMKFURTrCzUcsMxhsS5qh_oRDrAcj4AYj8IQ1WqNL5rSAMXkTeL5uJH8zVt_QE05PoL8pVjYKGkmjxXvaa8WIWrR3uYm/s1600/P9170015.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihrFsMwjZ7S4U4IHTnmV1jaZL2N2-iwW-NXoihSlEVAFhx0EgpfMKFURTrCzUcsMxhsS5qh_oRDrAcj4AYj8IQ1WqNL5rSAMXkTeL5uJH8zVt_QE05PoL8pVjYKGkmjxXvaa8WIWrR3uYm/s320/P9170015.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b>Alat Destilasi Sederhana</b></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><b>Pembahasan</b></span></span></div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pada proses pembuatan alat destilasi
sederhana ini ada beberapa kesulitan yaitu pada bagian pendinginnya karena
sering terjadi pembocoran air yang keluar dari celah sendal bekas yang tidak
tertutup rapat, oleh karena itu di butuhkan banyak lem untuk menghindari air
yang keluar dri celah sendal jepit tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></div>
Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-29231371881553427582012-09-23T07:46:00.002-07:002012-09-23T16:17:41.490-07:00Post-Lab Question 1<br />
<b>Post-Lab Question</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<i>"What is weight (in gram or kg) of a fifth of gallon of 40% aquoeous alcohol solution and weight of a fifth of good bourbon?"</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Density of alcohol = <b>0,95097 gram/mL</b></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">800 gram/0,001 L = <b>950,97 gram/L</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1 gallon = <b>3,7 L</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">1 gallon = 3,7 L X 950,97 gram/L = 3518,6 gram X 5 = <b>17593 gram</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">In US system, the proof alcohol (the
amount of alcohol) is: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>2 x Volume Precentage</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Proof = 2 X 40% ABV (Alcohol By
Volume) = 80 proof gallons</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Weight of a fifth of a gallon of 40%
aqueous alcohol solution is:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>17593 gram x 80 proof gallons = 1407440 gram/1407,44 kg</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Weight if a fifth a good bourbon is:</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b>5 x Density x 3,7 L</b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b>= 5 x 950,97 gram/L x 3,7 L </b></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b>= 17593 gram/17,593 kg</b></span></span></div>
</div>
Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-71922199622517852062012-09-20T08:14:00.000-07:002012-09-20T08:14:00.987-07:00Uji Analisis Alkohol<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Uji Analisis Alkohol</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Oksidasi
dengan K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Masukkan
kedalam dua tabung reaksi yang berbeda 2ml K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7 </sub>2%
dan tambahkan 5 tetes H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> pekat. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Goyangkan tabung reaksi tersebut.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Kemudian tambahkan pada tabung reaksi pertama 1ml etanol dan kedalam tabung kedua 1ml isopropanol.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Reaksi positif ditandai dengan terjadinya perubahan warna dari jingga ke hijau.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b>Tes Iodoform</b></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Masukkan kedalam tiga tabung reaksi yang berbeda 10 tetes etanol, isopropanol, dan 1-propanol. </span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Tambahkan kedalam setiap tabung reaksi 25 tetes NaOH 6M.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Campurkan dan panaskan pada suhu </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">60</span><sup style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">o</sup><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">C dalam penanggas air.</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Teteskan kurang lebih 30 tetes iodin sambil dikocok hingga terbentuk warna coklat tetap.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Tambahkan NaOH 6M hingga larutan tidak berwarna.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Panaskan kembali dalam 5 menit.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Dinginkan tabung reaksi dan amati apakah terbentuk endapan kuning.</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b>Kelarutan Fenol</b></span></span></div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Ambil tiga butir kristal fenol berukuran hampir sama dan masing-masing dimasukkan kedalam dua buah tabung reaksi.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Tambahkan 5 ml akuades dalam tabung pertama dan 5 ml NaOH 2M dalam tabung kedua.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Goyangkan kedua tabung dan bandingkan kecepatan kristal fenol larut dalam kedua tabung tersebut.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;"><b>Keasaman Fenol</b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Bandingkan keasaman fenol dan larutan etanol dengan menggunakan kertas indikator.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Catat pH hasil pengamatan.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><b>Tes
FeCl<sub>3</sub></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Masukkan
kedalam tiga tabung reaksi berbeda dengan 20 tetes etanol, larutan fenol, dan larutan
asam salisilat.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Tambahkan
5 tetes FeCl</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">3</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"> kedalam masing-masing tabung reaksi.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Reaksi
positif ditandai dengan terjadinya perubahan dari warna kuning terang menjadi
hijau hingga ungu.</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 24px; text-indent: 0cm;">
</div>
<br />
</div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;"> </span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-14051917784421996062012-09-10T04:58:00.000-07:002012-09-10T05:25:56.268-07:00Optimasi Produksi Bioethanol dari Ubi Kayu Menggunakan Aspergillus niger dan Rhizopus Oryzae<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Optimasi Produksi Bioethanol dari Ubi Kayu ( <i>Manihot utilissima</i> Pohl) Menggunakan <i>Aspergillus niger </i>dan <i>Rhizopus Oryzae</i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Bahan </b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Umbi ubi kayu (Manihot utilissima Pohl.)</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Isolat kapang (<i>Aspergillus niger</i> dan <i>Rhizopus oryzae</i>)</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- <i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">Saccharomyces</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;">cereviceae</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">H</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">SO</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">4</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
10%</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pereaksi </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Nelson
Samogyi</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- </i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pereaksi </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Anthrone</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- </i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pereaksi </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">arsenomolybdat</i></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- </i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Amonium</span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">sulfat [(NH</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">4</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">)</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">SO</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%;">4</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">]</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Pepton </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><b>Cara Kerja</b> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Pati ubi
kayu dibuat dari umbi yang sudah tua dan bagus. Umbi dibersihkan dan dikupas
kulitnya. Umbi ubi jalar kemudian dicuci, dikeringkan, dan diparut atau dihaluskan.
Umbi hasil parutan ditambahkan air dengan perbandingan 1:1, diremas dan
disaring. Endapan hasil saringan dibiarkan mengendap dalam wadah selama 24 jam.
Air hasil endapan dibuang dan filtrat pati dipanaskan hingga kering di dalam
oven.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Larutan pati dibuat dengan menimbang 12,5 g pati ubi kayu yang dilarutkan
dengan 100 ml akuades. Kemudian ditambahkan 0,5 N HCl sebanyak 25 ml. Larutan kemudian dihidrolisis pada suhu 1150 C selama 1 jam pada tekanan
1 atm. Larutan diangkat, didinginkan dan dinetralisasi dengan </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">Na</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">2</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">CO</span><sub style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: 0cm;">3</sub><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;"> 10%.
Dianalisis kadar gula reduksi dan gula total untuk hidrolisis asam. Pada
hidrolisis dengan enzim, masing-masing larutan hasil hidrolisis asam (± 135 ml)
ditambahkan 10% (v/v) isolat </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Aspergillus niger</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;">, </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Rhizopus oryzae, </i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;">dan
kombinasi keduanya. Hidrolisis dilakukan pada suhu ruang selama 72 jam dengan
agitasi 120 rpm. Larutan hasil hidrolisis dianalisis gula reduksinya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Kurva standar
digunakan untuk memperlihatkan hubungan antara absorban dan konsentrasi
glukosa. Selanjutnya 1 ml sampel ditambahkan dengan 1 ml pereaksi </span><i style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;">Nelson</i><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;">.
Jumlah gula pereduksi dari sampel ditentukan berdasarkan OD larutan sampel dan
kurva standar larutan glukosa.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Medium
fermentasi volume ± 148 ml dengan kadar gula pereduksi tertinggi hasil
hidrolisis asam dan enzim difiltrasi dan ditambahkan 1% (b/v) pepton dan 4%
(b/v) ammonium sulfat sebagai nutrisi. Setelah itu, medium
diatur pHnya menjadi 4,6-4,8. Kemudian medium ditambahkan isolat khamir <i>Saccharomyces</i>
<i>cereviceae </i>sebanyak 10% (v/v). Selanjutnya kadar etanol diukur pada jam
ke 24, 48, dan 72 jam untuk masing-masing fermentor yang berbeda. Selanjutnya
dilakukan distilasi dan dehidrasi secara sederhana. Etanol yang dihasilkan dianalisis
menggunakan kromatografi gas.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Data
hasil percobaan hidrolisis dianalisis dengan ANOVA (Analisis Varians) satu arah
untuk variabel jenis, konsentrasi asam, kadar gula pereduksi, dan kadar etanol. </span></span></span></li>
</ol>
<div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN;"><br /><!--[endif]--></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Sumber : </span><span style="text-align: center;"><b>Optimasi Produksi Bioethanol dari Ubi Kayu ( </b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Manihot utilissima</i><b> Pohl) Menggunakan </b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Aspergillus niger </i><b>dan </b><i style="font-weight: bold;">Rhizopus Oryzae </i>oleh </span><b>Lily Surayya Eka Putri</b> dan <b>Fachruroji</b></div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /><div>
<br /></div>
Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8842617268012800523.post-65730350700106628152012-09-08T03:29:00.001-07:002012-09-09T06:42:35.757-07:00MSDS Bahan-Bahan Kimia<br />
Berikut ini adalah daftar MSDS bahan-bahan kimia berdasar urutan abjad :<br />
<br />
<br />
1<br />
<a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/DisplayMSDSPage.do?country=ID&language=en&productNumber=695106&brand=ALDRICH&PageToGoToURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F695106%3Flang%3Den" target="_blank">1,4 - Phenylendiomin </a><br />
<br />
2<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926182" target="_blank">2-Naphthol </a><br />
<br />
A
<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9922844" target="_blank">Alumunium/Aluminum</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9922853" target="_blank">Aluminum hidroksid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9922860" target="_blank">Aluminum kalium sulfat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.deltachemical.com/PDFS/DeltaAlumSolid.pdf" target="_blank">Aluminum sulfat</a><br />
<a href="http://pharmacycode.com/msds/Amidone" target="_blank">Amidone soluble</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9922926" target="_blank">Amonium 7 molibdat 4H2O/Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927070" target="_blank">Amonium asetat </a><br />
<a href="http://www.duchefa.com/msds/a1338.pdf" target="_blank">Amonium dihidrogen fosfat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9922930" target="_blank">Amonium feroksidisulfat </a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924049" target="_blank">Amonium iron (II) sulfat 6H2O/Ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927072" target="_blank">Amonium karbonat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927431" target="_blank">Amonium klorida </a><br />
Ammonium klorida 6H2O<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927336" target="_blank">Amonium nitrat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927078" target="_blank">Amonium sulfat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927081" target="_blank">Antimoni (III) klorida/Antimony trichlorade</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927082" target="_blank">Antimoni (III) oksid/Antimony trioxide </a><br />
<a href="http://feql.wsu.edu/MSDS/oxalic%20acid.pdf" target="_blank">Asam oksalat/Oxalic acid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927249" target="_blank">Asam salisilat/Salicylic acid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927284" target="_blank">Asam suksinat/Succinic acid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9925146" target="_blank">Asam sulfat/Sulfuric acid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.tartaricacid.com/MATERIAL%20SAFETY%20DATA%20SHEET_4_2008.pdf" target="_blank">Asam tartrat/Tartaric acid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927289" target="_blank">Asam sulfanilic/Sulfanilic acid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927059" target="_blank">Asetamid/Acetamide</a><br />
<br />
B<br />
<a href="http://www.nilechemicals.com/Bariumchloride%20msds.htm" target="_blank">Barium klorida</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927096" target="_blank">Benzoid acid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927102" target="_blank">Bismut (III) nitrat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927460" target="_blank">Brij 35 (Polyoxyethylenlaurylether)</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927468" target="_blank">Bromtimol Biru/Bromthymol blue</a><br />
<br />
C<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923284" target="_blank">Campora/Camphor</a><br />
<a href="http://www.caledonlabs.com/upload/msds/2960-5e.pdf" target="_blank">Cloramin/Chloramine T</a><br />
<a href="http://www.expotechusa.com/catalogs/haake/Msds/File_26433.pdf" target="_blank">Cloramin T 3H2O/Chloramin3 T trihydrate</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923522" target="_blank">Cobalt (II) klorida 6H2O</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923525" target="_blank">Cobalt (II) nitrat 6H2O</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927142" target="_blank">Copper (II) nitrat 3H2O/ Cupric nitrate trihydrate</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923595" target="_blank">Copper (II) oksida/Cupric Oxide</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923598" target="_blank">Copper (II) sulfat anhidrat/Cupric Sulfate, Anhydrous</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923471" target="_blank">Crom (II) oksida/Chromium (III) oxide</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923467" target="_blank">Crom (III) klorida 6H2O/Chromic chloride hexahydrate</a><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"> </span></span><br />
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">D</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.merckmillipore.com/indonesia/foodanalytics/diamoniumoksalatmonohidrat/MDA_CHEM101192/p_N0qb.s1L7wcAAAEW6cgfVhTm">Diamonium
Oksalat</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.merckmillipore.com/indonesia/food-analytics/di-sodium-oksalat/MDA_CHEM-106557/p_oUib.s1LBtoAAAEW58gfVhTm"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Dinatrium Oksalat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">E</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://www.chemyq.com/En/xz/xz11/106379rvujo.htm"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Eisen (II) Sulfat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.applichem.com/fileadmin/datenblaetter/A3502_en_GB.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Eisen (III) Nitrat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://www.yesmsds.com/de/msds202/41/cbfxf.asp"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Eisen Sulfid</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriochromschwarz_T"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Erio Chrom Schwarz</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923919"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Eriokrom Black</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">G</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylic_acid"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Glioksilit Acid</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.google.co.id/#hl=id&output=search&sclient=psyab&q=MSDS+Glisin&oq=MSDS+Glisin&gs_l=hp.3..0i30.3829.17927.0.19308.6.6.0.0.0.0.339.1670.24j2.6.0...0.0...1c.1j2.XpcMFvTpZ3A&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&fp=d5205a19828eec5f&biw=1252&bih=553"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Glisin</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">I</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927547">Iodin</a> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">K</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927399"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Bromat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.westernu.edu/bin/safety/msds/hpc/potassium%20dihydrogen%20phosphate.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Dihidrogen Fosfat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://gatotsadewo.staff.ugm.ac.id/image/msds/kalium%20dichromat.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Dikromat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliumhexacyanidoferrat%28III%29">Kalium Hexaciyanoferrat (II)</a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927708"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Hexasianoferrat (II) – Trihidrat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.ch.ntu.edu.tw/~genchem99/msds/exp15/KHP.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Hidrogen – Phthalat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.merckmillipore.com/indonesia/food-analytics/kalium-hidrogen-karbonat/MDA_CHEM-104854/p_xkeb.s1L_sUAAAEWgMkfVhTm"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Hidrogen Karbonat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.wku.edu/msds/docs/5970.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Hidrogen Sulfat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.murphysmachines.com/resources/MSDS%20Sheets/KOH-Potassium_Hydroxide_MSDS.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Hidroksida</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927571"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Iodida</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.esciencelabs.com/files/safety_sheets/Potassium%20Chloride.pdf"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Klorida</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://translate.google.co.id/translate?hl=id&langpair=en%7Cid&u=http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php%3FmsdsId%3D9927403"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Kromat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924692"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Natrium Tartrat – Tetrahidrat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927232"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Nitrat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927233"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Nitrit</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://septa-ayatullah.blogspot.com/2009/04/material-safety-data-sheet-msds-kalium.html"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium permanganate</span></a><a href="http://septa-ayatullah.blogspot.com/2009/04/material-safety-data-sheet-msds-kalium.html">
</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924192"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Sianida</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927236"><span style="mso-fareast-language: IN;">Kalium Sulfat</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
</span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">L</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927064" target="_blank"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">L-Alanin</span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.guidechem.com/cas-608/6080-56-4_country-USA.html"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lead (II) Asetat
3H2O</span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924473"><span lang="IN" style="mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN;">Lead (II) Nitrat</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span><br />
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">M</span><br />
<span lang="IN" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924535" target="_blank">Magnesium</a></span><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927216" target="_blank">Magnesium Oksida</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927218" target="_blank">Magnesium Sulfat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.soilbasics.net/docs/msds_triplexmagnesium.pdf" target="_blank">Magnesium Tritiplek</a><br />
<a href="http://www.labchem.net/msds/75541.pdf" target="_blank">Mangan (II) Sulfat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924616" target="_blank">Mercury (II) Cloride</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sargentwelch.com/pdf/msds/Mercury_II_Nitrate_Monohydrate_450.00.pdf" target="_blank">Mercury (II) Nitrat</a>\<br />
<a href="https://www.fishersci.ca/viewmsds.do?catNo=AC190500050" target="_blank">Mercury (II) Sulfat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927652" target="_blank">Meruxide</a><br />
<a href="https://no.vwr.com/msds/no_msds/00001313.pdf" target="_blank">Metenamin</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927361" target="_blank">Metil Orange</a><br />
<a href="http://florikan.com/d/msdsnut/msdsus18-6-8_and_17-7-8-060727.pdf" target="_blank">Molibdat Forforic Acid H2O</a><br />
<br />
N<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9925524" target="_blank">Naphthol</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927412" target="_blank">Natrium Acetat Trihidrate</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924952" target="_blank">Natrium Asetat Wasserfei</a><br />
<a href="http://www.de.hach-lange.ch/shop/action_q/download%3Bmsds/msds_document/de%252F2661825%252Epdf/lkz/CH/spkz/de/TOKEN/xlOK8yJJ6jgekTcbe4G8QcKDQuM/M/2ypZKg" target="_blank">Natrium Bismutat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927262" target="_blank">Natrium Bromid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.kleenblast.com/pdf/MSDS%20NATRIUM.pdf" target="_blank">Natrium Formiat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924997" target="_blank">Natrium Hidroksida</a><br />
<a href="http://khoirulazam89.blogspot.com/2012/03/msds-natrium-klorida.html" target="_blank">Natrium Klorida</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927272" target="_blank">Natrium Nitrit</a><br />
<a href="http://www.natrium.com/SB-msds.pdf" target="_blank">Natrium Pentaperiodat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.hillbrothers.com/msds/pdf/n/sodium-sulfite.pdf" target="_blank">Natrium Sulfit Hidrat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.merckmillipore.com/indonesia/chemicals/sodium-tiosulfat-pentahidrat/MDA_CHEM-106514/p_MSCb.s1LHyMAAAEWEOEfVhTl" target="_blank">Natrium Tiosulfat Pentahidrat</a><br />
<a href="http://chemistry.slss.ie/resources/downloads/ph_sd_md_nickelsulfate.pdf" target="_blank">Nikel (II) Sulfat</a><br />
<br />
P<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927585" target="_blank">Perak Sulfat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.saltlakemetals.com/MSDS_Silver_Nitrate.htm" target="_blank">Perak Nitrat</a><br />
<br />
S<br />
<a href="http://www.5nplus.com/pdf/fiches_signaletiques/en/5ne_se_v4.pdf" target="_blank">Selenium Noid</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927585" target="_blank">Silber Sulfat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9924905" target="_blank">Silika Gel</a><br />
<br />
T<br />
<a href="http://engineering.case.edu/thinkbox/sites/engineering.case.edu.thinkbox/files/msds-3-klean_strip_paint_thinner.pdf" target="_blank">Thin</a><br />
<a href="http://lakewatch.ifas.ufl.edu/DataSheets_07_09/New_Coast_Data_Sheet.pdf" target="_blank">Thin (II) Klorida</a><br />
<a href="http://www.merckmillipore.com/indonesia/food-analytics/besiiii-klorida/MDA_CHEM-845124/p_QC2b.s1L0bYAAAEW48gfVhTm" target="_blank">Thin (II) Klorida Anhidrat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.merckmillipore.com/indonesia/chemicals/tri-sodium-sitrat-dihidrat/MDA_CHEM-106447/p_00mb.s1LozMAAAEWI.EfVhTl" target="_blank">Tri Natrium Sitrat Dihidrat</a><br />
<a href="http://www.triple-s.com/msds/50/DisinfectantDeodorant.pdf" target="_blank">Tritipleks (III)</a><br />
<br />
Z<br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9925470" target="_blank">Zeolit</a><br />
<a href="http://cheville.okstate.edu/photonicslab/Safety/safety/MSDS/zinc_msds.htm" target="_blank">Zink</a><br />
<a href="http://chemistry.slss.ie/resources/downloads/ph_sd_md_zincgranules.pdf" target="_blank">Zink Granule</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927328" target="_blank">Zink Klorida</a><br />
<a href="http://cancer.rutgers.edu/stg_lab/protocols/MSDS/zinc%20sulfate.pdf" target="_blank">Zink Sulfat</a></div>
</div>
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<br />Praktikum Kimia Organikhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01299082985497680123noreply@blogger.com0